real money earning games india

In recent years, the gaming industry in India has seen a significant surge, with more and more people turning to online games to not only have fun but also earn real money. Whether you’re a casual gamer or a serious player, there are numerous options available that allow you to win cash prizes. Here’s a comprehensive guide to some of the most popular real money earning games in India. 1. Fantasy Sports Fantasy sports platforms have gained immense popularity in India, especially among sports enthusiasts.

  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    new
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Cash King Palace
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Jackpot Haven
    Thrills&Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

real money earning games india

In recent years, the gaming industry in India has seen a significant surge, with more and more people turning to online games to not only have fun but also earn real money. Whether you’re a casual gamer or a serious player, there are numerous options available that allow you to win cash prizes. Here’s a comprehensive guide to some of the most popular real money earning games in India.

1. Fantasy Sports

Fantasy sports platforms have gained immense popularity in India, especially among sports enthusiasts. These platforms allow users to create virtual teams based on real-life players and compete against others for cash prizes.

  • Dream11: One of the most popular fantasy sports platforms in India, offering cricket, football, kabaddi, and more.
  • MyTeam11: Another leading platform that offers a variety of sports including cricket, football, basketball, and hockey.
  • Halaplay: Focuses on smaller sports like kabaddi and futsal, offering daily contests.

2. Online Rummy

Rummy is a classic card game that has been adapted for online play, allowing users to compete for real money. The game requires skill, strategy, and a bit of luck.

Key Platforms:

  • RummyCircle: Offers a user-friendly interface and a variety of rummy formats.
  • Adda52 Rummy: Known for its secure platform and regular tournaments.
  • KhelPlay Rummy: Provides a wide range of rummy games and bonuses.

3. Online Poker

Poker is another game that has transitioned well to the online format. It’s a game of skill and strategy, making it a favorite among serious gamers.

Leading Poker Platforms:

  • Adda52: Offers a variety of poker games and tournaments with substantial prize pools.
  • PokerBaazi: Known for its user-friendly interface and regular promotions.
  • KhelPlay Poker: Provides a secure platform and a variety of poker formats.

4. Online Casinos

Online casinos offer a wide range of games, from classic table games like blackjack and roulette to modern slot machines. These platforms allow users to play for real money and win big.

  • Royal Panda: Offers a wide range of casino games and a user-friendly interface.
  • LeoVegas: Known for its mobile-first approach and a variety of casino games.
  • Betway Casino: Provides a secure platform and a wide range of casino games.

5. Quiz and Trivia Games

For those who enjoy brain teasers and general knowledge, quiz and trivia games offer a fun way to earn money. These games often have daily contests with cash prizes.

Notable Platforms:

  • Loco: Offers live quiz shows with real money prizes.
  • BrainBaazi: A popular trivia app that hosts daily quiz contests.
  • HQ Trivia: Known for its live trivia contests with substantial cash prizes.

6. Online Ludo

Ludo, a traditional board game, has found a new life online. Several platforms now offer Ludo games where users can compete for real money.

Leading Ludo Platforms:

  • Ludo King: Offers real money tournaments and matches.
  • Paytm First Games: Provides a variety of Ludo contests with cash prizes.
  • Winzo Games: Known for its secure platform and regular Ludo tournaments.

7. Online Slots

Online slots are a popular choice for those who enjoy the thrill of spinning the reels. These games are easy to play and offer the potential for big wins.

  • 888 Casino: Offers a wide range of slot games and regular promotions.
  • Bet365 Casino: Known for its secure platform and a variety of slot games.
  • LeoVegas: Provides a user-friendly interface and a wide range of slot games.

The rise of real money earning games in India has opened up new opportunities for gamers to turn their passion into profit. Whether you prefer skill-based games like rummy and poker or luck-based games like slots and fantasy sports, there’s something for everyone. Always ensure to play on reputable platforms and gamble responsibly.

real money earning games in india 2020

In 2020, the gaming industry in India saw a significant surge, with more players looking for ways to earn real money through games. Whether you are a casual gamer or a seasoned pro, there are several options available that allow you to turn your gaming skills into cash. Here are some of the top real money earning games in India in 2020.

1. Fantasy Sports

Dream11

Dream11 is one of the most popular fantasy sports platforms in India. Users create virtual teams of real players and compete against others based on the players’ performance in actual matches. The top performers win real money.

MyTeam11

Similar to Dream11, MyTeam11 allows users to create fantasy teams and participate in various contests. The platform offers a variety of sports, including cricket, football, and kabaddi.

2. Online Poker

Adda52

Adda52 is a leading online poker platform in India. It offers a wide range of poker games, including Texas Hold’em and Omaha. Players can participate in tournaments and cash games to win real money.

PokerBaazi

PokerBaazi is another popular poker site that offers a variety of tournaments and cash games. The platform also provides tutorials and resources to help beginners improve their skills.

3. Rummy

RummyCircle

RummyCircle is one of the largest online rummy platforms in India. It offers both free and cash games. Players can participate in tournaments and win real money based on their performance.

Junglee Rummy

Junglee Rummy is another popular rummy platform that offers a variety of rummy games. The platform also provides bonuses and promotions to enhance the gaming experience.

4. Online Casinos

9stacks

9stacks is an online casino platform that offers a variety of games, including poker, rummy, and slots. The platform also hosts tournaments and provides a secure environment for players to win real money.

Ace2Three

Ace2Three is a popular online rummy platform that also offers other casino games. The platform provides a user-friendly interface and regular promotions to keep players engaged.

5. Mobile Games

MPL (Mobile Premier League)

MPL is a mobile gaming platform that offers a variety of games, including fantasy sports, quizzes, and skill-based games. Players can participate in tournaments and win real money.

Paytm First Games

Paytm First Games is another mobile gaming platform that offers a variety of games, including fantasy sports, rummy, and quizzes. The platform also provides cashback and rewards to players.

In 2020, the gaming industry in India provided numerous opportunities for players to earn real money. Whether you prefer fantasy sports, poker, rummy, or mobile games, there are plenty of platforms available to suit your interests. Always ensure to play responsibly and choose platforms that are licensed and regulated to ensure a safe and fair gaming experience.

cash earning games in india

In recent years, the gaming industry in India has witnessed a significant surge, with more and more people turning to cash earning games as a source of income. These games not only provide entertainment but also offer the opportunity to win real money. Here’s a comprehensive guide to some of the most popular cash earning games in India.

1. Fantasy Sports Platforms

Fantasy sports platforms have become a major hit in India, especially among sports enthusiasts. These platforms allow users to create virtual teams based on real-life players and compete against others for cash prizes.

  • Dream11: One of the most popular fantasy sports platforms in India, offering games like cricket, football, and kabaddi.
  • MyTeam11: Another leading platform that covers a wide range of sports including cricket, football, basketball, and hockey.
  • BalleBaazi: Focuses on cricket and offers a unique experience with different game formats.

2. Online Rummy

Rummy is a classic card game that has found a new life online. Many platforms now offer rummy games where players can compete for cash prizes.

Key Rummy Platforms:

  • RummyCircle: One of the largest online rummy platforms in India, offering both free and cash games.
  • Adda52 Rummy: Known for its user-friendly interface and secure payment options.
  • KhelPlay Rummy: Offers a variety of rummy formats and regular tournaments.

3. Online Poker

Poker is another card game that has gained immense popularity in India. Many online platforms offer poker games where players can win real money.

Notable Poker Platforms:

  • Adda52: One of the leading poker platforms in India, offering a wide range of tournaments and cash games.
  • PokerBaazi: Known for its high-value tournaments and user-friendly interface.
  • KhelPlay Poker: Offers a variety of poker formats and regular promotions.

4. Quiz and Trivia Games

Quiz and trivia games are a fun way to test your knowledge while earning cash prizes. These games are available on various mobile apps and websites.

  • Loco: A live quiz platform where users can participate in real-time quizzes and win cash prizes.
  • BrainBaazi: Offers daily quiz games with cash rewards.
  • HQ Trivia: A global platform that occasionally hosts quizzes in India with significant cash prizes.

5. Casual Games with Cash Rewards

Casual games like puzzle games, arcade games, and strategy games also offer cash rewards on certain platforms.

Notable Casual Game Platforms:

  • Gamezop: Offers a variety of casual games where users can earn money by playing and winning.
  • Paytm First Games: Provides a range of casual games along with fantasy sports and quizzes.
  • Winzo: Known for its diverse selection of casual games and regular cash tournaments.

6. Online Casinos

Online casinos offer a wide range of games including slots, roulette, blackjack, and baccarat, where players can win real money.

  • JeetWin: Offers a variety of casino games and sports betting options.
  • 9stacks: Known for its user-friendly interface and secure transactions.
  • LuckyNiki: Provides a wide range of casino games and regular promotions.

Cash earning games in India offer a unique blend of entertainment and opportunity. Whether you are a sports enthusiast, a card game lover, or someone looking for casual gaming options, there is something for everyone. Always ensure to play on reputable platforms and adhere to responsible gaming practices.

online betting games real money in india

In recent years, online betting games have gained significant popularity in India. With the advent of technology and the internet, players can now enjoy a wide variety of betting games from the comfort of their homes. This article explores the landscape of online betting games for real money in India, highlighting some of the most popular options and the regulations surrounding them.

1. Football Betting

  • Overview: Football is one of the most popular sports in India, and football betting has followed suit.
  • Types of Bets: Match winner, goal scorer, over/under, and more.
  • Platforms: Bet365, 1xBet, and Betway are some of the leading platforms offering football betting.

2. Casino Games

  • Overview: Online casinos offer a plethora of games, including classic table games and modern slot machines.
  • Popular Games:
    • Baccarat: A card game where players bet on the hand they think will be closest to nine.
    • Roulette: A game of chance where players bet on where a ball will land on a spinning wheel.
    • Blackjack: A card game where the goal is to get as close to 21 as possible without going over.
  • Platforms: LeoVegas, Royal Panda, and Betway Casino are popular choices.

3. Electronic Slot Machines

  • Overview: Slot machines are one of the most accessible and entertaining forms of online gambling.
  • Types: Classic slots, video slots, and progressive jackpot slots.
  • Platforms: Betway, 888 Casino, and LeoVegas offer a wide range of slot machines.

4. Fantasy Sports

  • Overview: Fantasy sports allow players to create virtual teams and compete based on the real-life performance of athletes.
  • Popular Games: Dream11, MyTeam11, and Halaplay are leading platforms in India.
  • Types of Leagues: Cricket, football, basketball, and kabaddi.

1. State Regulations

  • Overview: The legality of online betting varies from state to state in India.
  • Key States:
    • Sikkim: One of the few states that have legalized and regulated online betting.
    • Nagaland: Offers licenses for online fantasy sports.
    • Others: Many states still consider online betting illegal, although enforcement is inconsistent.

2. Central Government Stance

  • Overview: The central government has not yet legalized online betting on a national level.
  • Challenges: Issues related to taxation, consumer protection, and addiction are major concerns.

3. Platform Compliance

  • Overview: International betting platforms often operate in India despite the legal ambiguity.
  • Compliance: These platforms usually comply with international regulations and offer secure payment methods.

Tips for Safe Online Betting

1. Choose Reputable Platforms

  • Recommendations: Look for platforms with good reviews and a strong reputation.
  • Licensing: Ensure the platform is licensed and regulated by a reputable authority.

2. Understand the Game

  • Knowledge: Familiarize yourself with the rules and strategies of the game before betting.
  • Practice: Many platforms offer free versions to practice.

3. Manage Your Bankroll

  • Budgeting: Set a budget for your betting activities and stick to it.
  • Discipline: Avoid chasing losses and know when to stop.

4. Secure Transactions

  • Payment Methods: Use secure and trusted payment methods.
  • Privacy: Ensure the platform protects your personal and financial information.

Online betting games for real money in India offer a thrilling and potentially rewarding experience. However, it is crucial to approach this activity responsibly and with a clear understanding of the legal and financial implications. By choosing reputable platforms and practicing good bankroll management, players can enjoy the excitement of online betting while minimizing risks.

Frequently Questions

What are the top real money earning games apps available in India?

In India, several real money earning games apps offer exciting opportunities to win cash. Dream11, a popular fantasy sports platform, allows users to create teams and compete for real money. RummyCircle is another top choice, offering classic rummy games with cash rewards. PokerBaazi provides a competitive environment for poker enthusiasts to win big. Paytm First Games offers a variety of games including fantasy sports, quizzes, and more. Lastly, MPL (Mobile Premier League) features a wide range of games from fantasy sports to arcade games, all with real money earning potential. These apps are legally compliant and offer secure transactions, making them top picks for gamers looking to earn real money.

What are some top Android games for earning real money in India?

In India, several Android games offer real money earnings. Dream11 is a popular fantasy sports platform where users can create teams and win cash prizes. RummyCircle allows players to participate in rummy tournaments for real money. PokerBaazi is a renowned poker app where skilled players can win significant amounts. Paytm First Games features a variety of games including fantasy sports, quizzes, and more, offering real cash rewards. Lastly, MPL (Mobile Premier League) offers a wide range of games from fantasy sports to casual games, all with real money earning potential. These platforms ensure a secure and entertaining way to earn money through gaming.

 

What are the best game apps for earning real money in India?

In India, several game apps offer real money earnings. Dream11 is a popular fantasy sports platform where users can win cash by creating virtual teams. RummyCircle allows players to participate in rummy tournaments for real money. Paytm First Games features a variety of games, including fantasy sports and quizzes, with cash prizes. MPL (Mobile Premier League) offers a wide range of games, from fantasy sports to arcade games, with opportunities to win real money. These apps are legally compliant and provide secure platforms for users to enjoy gaming while earning real cash.

How can I find real money earning games in India?

Finding real money earning games in India involves exploring legal and reputable platforms. Popular options include fantasy sports apps like Dream11 and MyTeam11, which allow users to participate in cricket, football, and kabaddi leagues for cash prizes. Additionally, online rummy and poker sites such as Adda52 and RummyCircle offer real money games, but ensure to verify their legality in your region. For casual gaming, consider apps like MPL (Mobile Premier League) that host various tournaments and challenges with cash rewards. Always prioritize safety by checking the platform's licensing and user reviews before engaging in real money games.

What are the best real money earning games in India?

In India, several real money earning games offer exciting opportunities to win cash. Dream11, a fantasy sports platform, allows users to create teams and win money based on real-life performances. RummyCircle is another popular choice, offering traditional rummy games with cash prizes. PokerBaazi and Adda52 are top destinations for poker enthusiasts, providing competitive tournaments and cash games. Additionally, games like Ludo King and Paytm First Games offer skill-based challenges with real money rewards. These platforms ensure a mix of entertainment and earning potential, making them favorites among Indian gamers.